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http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/155943/
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ÀϺ» ´ëÇü ÇØ¾ç »ýŰèÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù Published: May 19, 2008, 8:06 pm °Ô½Ã ³¯Â¥ : 2008 ³â 5 ¿ù 19 ¿ÀÈÄ 8½Ã 6ºÐ Updated: June 14, 2013, 7:37 pm ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® 6 ¿ù (14) 2013 ¿ÀÈÄ 7½Ã 37ºÐ Author: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ÀúÀÚ : ±¹¸³ ÇØ¾ç ´ë±â û Topic Editor: Mark McGinley Ç׸ñ ÆíÁý : ¸¶Å© McGinley Topics: ÁÖÁ¦ : Environmental & Resource Management ȯ°æ ¹× ÀÚ¿ø °ü¸® Fisheries ¼ö»ê Marine Ecology ÇØ¾ç »ýÅÂÇÐ Aquaculture ¾ç½Ä Oceans and seas ¹Ù´Ù¿Í ¹Ù´Ù Geography Áö¸®ÇÐ More ´õ Source: NOAA Ãâó : NOAA The Sea of Japan Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) is a semi-enclosed sea with an area of approximately 978,000 square kilometers (km 2 ), a volume of 1,713,000 cubic kilometers (km 3 ), and a mean depth of 1,350 meters (m). ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù ±¤¿ª ÇØ¾ç »ýŰè (LME)Àº ¾à 978,000 Æò¹æÀÇ ¸éÀû ¹Ý µÑ·¯½ÎÀÎ ¹Ù´ÙÀ̴٠ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ (km 2), 1,713,000 ÀÔ¹æ ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ (km 3)ÀÇ º¼·ý ¹× 1,350ÀÇ Æò±Õ ±íÀÌ ¹ÌÅÍ (m) . The Sea of Japan (also known as the East Sea) is connected to the Sea of Okhotsk, the Northern Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea through four shallow straits. (¶ÇÇÑ µ¿Çضó°íµµ ÇÔ) ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ£Ã÷Å©, ºÏºÎÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÅÂÆò¾ç ³× °³ÀÇ ¾èÀº ÇØÇùÀ» ÅëÇØ µ¿Áß±¹ ÇØ. The Tsushima Current, a small branch of the warm Kuroshio Current, enters the Sea of Japan through the Tsushima Strait between Kyushu and Korea and flows out to the Pacific through the Tsugaru and Soya Straits. ¾²½Ã¸¶ ÇöÀç, µû¶æÇÑ Äí·Î½Ã¿ÀÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÁöÁ¡Àº ÀÔ·Â ÀϺ» ÇØ ±Ô½´ »çÀÌÀÇ ¾²½Ã¸¶ ÇØÇùÀ» ÅëÇØ Çѱ¹ °ú ¾²°¡·ç¿Í ¼Ò¾ß ÇØÇùÀ» ÅëÇØ ÅÂÆò¾çÀ¸·Î À¯ÃâµÈ´Ù. Climate is the primary force driving the LME, with intensive fishing as the secondary driving force. ±âÈÄ´Â º¸Á¶ ÃßÁø·ÂÀ¸·Î ÁýÁßÀû ÀÎ ³¬½Ã¿Í LME ¿îÀü ±âº» ÈûÀÌ´Ù. LME book chapters and articles pertaining to this LME include Terazaki, 1999. LME Ã¥ÀÇ Àå°úÀÌ LME¿¡ °üÇÑ ±â»ç Terazaki 1999 ³âÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. Productivity »ý»ê·Â For maps of currents around Japan and in the Sea of Japan LME, see Terazaki, 1989, p. ÀϺ» ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÀϺ» LMEÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ Àü·ùÀÇÁöµµ¸¦ µé¸é, Terazaki, 1989 ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇϽʽÿÀ. 38, and Terazaki, 1999, p. 38 ¹× Terazaki 1999 ÆäÀÌÁö. 200. The meandering Tsushima Current creates large-scale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. (200) ±¸ºÒ ±¸ºÒ ÇÑ ¾²½Ã¸¶ ÇöÀç ´ë±Ô¸ð »çÀÌŬ·Ð°ú °í±â¾Ð ¼Ò¿ëµ¹À̸¦ ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù. For information on the bottom topography (continental shelf, bathyal and abyssal zones), see Morgan, 1989. The limited flow through the four shallow straits contributes to the semi-enclosed character of this LME. ¹Ù´Ú ÁöÇü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ (´ë·úºØ, bathyal ¹× ½ÉÇØ Áö¿ª)ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ³× °³ÀÇ ¾èÀº ÇØÇùÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¦ÇÑµÈ È帧ÀÌ LMEÀÇ ¹Ý µ¿ºÀ µÈ ¹®ÀÚ¿¡ ±â¿© ¸ð°Ç, 1989À» ÂüÁ¶ÇϽʽÿÀ. For a map of surface temperatures in summer and winter, see Terazaki, 1999, p. Ç¥¸éÀÇÁöµµ¸¦ µé¸é ¿Âµµ°¡ ¿©¸§°ú °Ü¿ï¿¡, Terazaki, 1999 ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇϽʽÿÀ. 204. The northwestern Sea of Japan is colder, with sharp temperature declines in winter and the presence of ice in the Tartarskiy Strait from November to April. (204)´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ ºÏ¼ºÎ ¹Ù´Ù´Â ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ¿Âµµ °Ü¿ïÀÇ °¨¼Ò¿Í 11 ¿ù¿¡¼ 4 ¿ù¿¡ Tartarskiy ÇØÇù ¾óÀ½ÀÇ Á¸Àç·Î, Ãß¿îÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Seasonal temperatures vary by 20 degrees Celsius in the northwest, and 14 degrees Celsius in the south. °èÀý ¿Âµµ´Â ³²ÂÊ¿¡ 20 ºÏ¼ÂÊ¿¡¼ ¼·¾¾, 14 ¼·¾¾ ¿Âµµ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. The Sea of Japan Large Marine Ecosystem is considered a Class I, highly productive (>300 grams of Carbon per square meter per year (gC/m 2 -yr)) ecosystem based on SeaWiFS global primary production estimates. ÀϺ» ´ëÇü ÇØ¾ç »ýŰèÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù´Â Ŭ·¡½º I °£Áֵ˴ϴÙ, »ý»ê¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº (>ÀÇ 300g ź¼Ò Æò¹æ ´ç ¹ÌÅÍ ¿¬°£ (GC / m 2 -yr)) »ýŰè SeaWiFS ¼¼°è Â÷ »ý»ê ÃßÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î. For information on hydrographic conditions, primary production in winter and summer, phytoplankton , zooplankton and micronekton, see Terazaki, 1999. The zooplankton community shows low variance in taxonomic groups and species. ¼ö·Î Á¶°Ç, °Ü¿ï°ú ¿©¸§¿¡ Â÷ »ý»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ½Ä¹°¼º Çöûũſ , µ¿¹° Çöûũſ ¹× micronekton, Terazaki¸¦ ÂüÁ¶, 1999 µ¿¹°¼º Çöûũſ Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ´Â ºÐ·ù ÇÐÀû ±×·ì°ú Á¾¿¡¼ ³·Àº ºÐ»êÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. Five zooplankton groups account for over 99 percent of the biomass: copepods ( Neocalanus cristatus, N. plumchrus, N. flemingeri ), euphausiids ( Euphausia pacifica, Thysanoessa longipes ), chaetognaths ( Sagitta elegans ), amphipods ( Themisto japonica, Primno macropa, Cyphocaris challengeri ), and mysids ( Meterythrops microphathalma ). ¿ä°¢·ù (Neocalanus ¼Ó cristatus, N. plumchrus, N.ÀÇ flemingeri), euphausiids (EuphausiaÀÇ ÆÄ½Ã ÇÇÄ«, ThysanoessaÀÇ longipes), ¸ð¾Ç µ¿¹° (È»ì ¿¤·¹), °©°¢·ù (Themisto ÀÚÆ÷´ÏÄ«, Primno macropa, Cyphocaris : ´Ù¼¸ µ¿¹° Çöûũſ ±×·ìÀº 99 ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¸Å½ºÀÇ %¸¦ Â÷Áö challengeri), ¹× MysidsÀÇ (MeterythropsÀÇ microphathalma). Diatom blooms occur primarily in the spring. ±ÔÁ¶·ù ²ÉÀº º½¿¡ ÁÖ·Î ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The number of benthic species decreases with depth, with 53 species of macrobenthos at 1,000-2,000 m, 25 species at 2,000-3,000 m, and 5 species below 3,000 m (see Zenkevitch, 1963; and Terazaki, 1999). Àú¼ Á¾ÀÇ ¼ö´Â 1,000-2,000 m¿¡¼ Àú¼ 53 Á¾, ±íÀÌ 2,000-3,000 m¿¡¼ 25 Á¾, 3,000 m ¾Æ·¡ 5 Á¾ (±×¸®°í Terazaki 1999 Zenkevitch, 1963 ÂüÁ¶) °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù. Tropical to Arctic animal populations occur in the Sea of Japan LME. ºÏ±Ø µ¿¹° Àα¸¿¡ ´ë ÀϺ» LMEÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Fish and Fisheries ¾î·ù ¹× ¼ö»ê (Source: NOAA ) (Ãâó : NOAA ) The Japanese sardine is an abundant pelagic fish constituting more than 70% of the total catch. ÀϺ» Á¤¾î¸®´Â Àüü ¾îȹ·®ÀÇ 70 % ÀÌ»óÀ» ±¸¼ºÇϴ dzºÎÇÑ ¿ø¾ç ¹°°í±âÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Other species harvested include scad, mackerel, yellowtail, and the common Japanese squid. ¼öÈ® ´Ù¸¥ Á¾Àº °», °íµî¾î, ¹æ¾î, ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀϺ»¾î ¿À¡¾î¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. The average total catch is 1 million tons. Æò±Õ ÃÑ ¾îȹ·® 100 ¸¸ Åæ. Long term fluctuations of the sardine population have been observed. Á¤¾î¸® Àå±â°£ º¯µ¿ Àα¸°¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù. They are accompanied by noticeable geographic shifts in spawning and nursery grounds. ±×µéÀº ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â µ¿¹Ý Áö¸®Àû »ê¶õ ¹× º¸À° ºÎÁöÀÇ º¯È. For a map of spawning grounds of the sardine population, see Terazaki, 1999, p. Á¤¾î¸® Àα¸ÀÇ »ê¶õ ºÎÁöÀÇÁöµµ¸¦ µé¸é, Terazaki, 1999 ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇϽʽÿÀ. 216. The maximum Japanese sardine catch was 1.1 million tons in 1989 after 10 years of poor sardine harvests. (216)ÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ÀϺ»¾î Á¤¾î¸® ¾îȹ·®ÀÌ ÁÁÁö Á¤¾î¸® ¼öÈ® 10 ³â ÈÄ 1989 1.1 ¸¸ Åæ. For annual fluctuations in catches of anchovy, round herring, yellowtail, mackerel, scad and common squid, from 1950 to 1990, see Terazaki, 1999. Scad migrates into the Sea of Japan LME through the Tsushima Strait. ¸êÄ¡, ¶ó¿îµå û¾î, ¹æ¾î, °íµî¾î, Àü°»ÀÌÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ ¹× ÀÏ¹Ý ¿À¡¾îÀÇ ¾îȹ·® ¿¬°£ º¯µ¿À» 1950 ³â¿¡¼ 1990 ³â, Terazaki¸¦ ÂüÁ¶, 1999 ³â °»Àº ¾²½Ã¸¶ ÇØÇùÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀϺ» LMEÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù·Î ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The cold or warm eddies occurring along the Tsushima Current offer good fishing grounds for mackerel. ¾²½Ã¸¶ ÇöÀç ÇÔ²² ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °¨±â ³ª µû¶æÇÑ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ´Â °íµî¾î ÁÁÀº ¾îÀåÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The spawning grounds of the common squid are in the East China Sea and coastal waters of southern Honshu and Kyushu. ÀÏ¹Ý ¿À¡¾îÀÇ »ê¶õ ±Ù°Å´Â µ¿Áß±¹ ÇØ ³²ºÎ È¥½´¿Í Å¥½´ ¿¬¾È ÇØ¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. The fishing methods for yellowtail ( Seriola quingeradiata ) are the set net, the purse seine and the gill net. ¹æ¾îÀÇ ³¬½Ã ¹æ¹ý (¹æ¾î ¼Ó quingeradiata)´Â ¼¼Æ® ±×¹°ÀÇ ¼±¸Á°ú ÀÚ¸Á ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. The University of British Columbia Fisheries Center has detailed fish catch statistics for this LME. ºê¸®Æ¼½Ã Ä÷³ºñ¾Æ ¼ö»ê ¼¾ÅÍÀÇ ´ëÇÐÀÌ LME¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾îȹ·® Åë°è¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇϰíÀÖ´Ù. Click on the graph below for more information. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ¸¦ Ŭ¸¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Pollution and Ecosystem Health ¿À¿° ¹× »ýÅÂ°è °Ç° (Source: NOAA ) (Ãâó : NOAA ) In the 1960s, rapid economic growth and heavy industries concentrating along Japanese coastal areas caused water pollution , damage to fishery resources and red tides. 1960 ³â´ë ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀå , ÀϺ»À» µû¶ó ÁýÁß Áß°ø¾÷ ÇØ¾È Áö¿ªÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¼öÁú ¿À¿° , ¼Õ»ó ¼ö»ê ÀÚ¿ø°ú ÀûÁ¶¸¦. Strict laws and standards have since improved the quality of coastal waters. Mercury contamination in the Agano River near Niigata on the Sea of Japan coast produced a second case of Minamata disease. Cadmium contamination in the Jinzu River in Toyama resulted in a disease called Itai-itai. ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ¹ý·ü°ú Ç¥ÁØ ÀÌÈÄ ¿¬¾È ÇØ¿ªÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀ» Çâ»óµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼öÀº ÀϺ» ÇØ¾ÈÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ´Ï°¡Å¸ ±Ùó ¾Æ°¡ ³ë °¿¡ ¿À¿° ¹Ì³ª¸¶Å¸ º´.ÀÇ µÎ ¹øÂ° °æ¿ì »ý¼º µÈ Ä«µå¹Å µµ¾ß¸¶ÀÇ ÁøÁî °¿¡¼ ¿À¿°À» Itai-¶ó´Â Áúº´ÀÇ °á°ú ÀÌŸ. Excessive land reclamation and coastal development have led to the destruction of some mangrove areas and harmed coral reefs in the south of the Sea of Japan LME. Oil pollution is a significant problem along major shipping routes. °úµµÇÑ °£Ã´°ú ¿¬¾È °³¹ßÀº ÀϺΠ¸Í±×·Îºê ¿µ¿ªÀÇ ÆÄ±«¸¦ ÁÖµµ ÇØ¸¦ ÇÑ »êÈ£Ãʸ¦ ÀϺ» ÇØÀÇ ³²ÂÊ¿¡ LME. ±â¸§ ¿À¿° ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Ç׷θ¦ µû¶ó Áß¿äÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. An increasing number of accidents have occurred in recent years. »ç°íÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ÃÖ±Ù ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ¹ß»ýÇß½À´Ï´Ù. Japan is affected by sea level rise and has resorted to dikes to keep flooding problems at bay. ÀϺ»Àº ÇØ¼ö¸é »ó½Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ»¹Þ´Â º£ÀÌ¿¡¼ È«¼ö ¹®Á¦¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¦¹æ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇϰíÀÖ´Ù. Intrusions of seawater into aquifers is a problem. ÀÇ Ä§ÀÔ ÇØ¼ö ·Î ´ë¼öÃþÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. The former Soviet Union reportedly dumped radioactive waste in the Sea of Japan. ¿¾ ¼Ò·ÃÀº ¼Ò¹®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ¹æ»ç¼º Æó±â¹°À» ´ýÇÁ. Socio-economic Conditions »çȸ °æÁ¦Àû Á¶°Ç Location of the Sea of Japan LME. ÀϺ» LMEÀÇ ÇØÀÇ À§Ä¡. (Source: NOAA ) (Ãâó : NOAA ) The Sea of Japan coastline is highly developed, with commercial ports and fishery harbors. ¹Ù´Ù ÀϺ»ÀÇ ÇØ¾È¼±Àº ¸Å¿ì »ó¾÷ Æ÷Æ®¿Í ÇÔ²² °³¹ß ¾î¾÷ Ç×±¸. Parts of the coast are protected by seawalls and breakwaters against storm surges, high waves, and beach erosion. ÇØ¾ÈÀÇ ÀϺδ ¹æÆÄÁ¦¿Í ÆøÇ³ ÇØÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æÆÄÁ¦, ³ôÀº ÆÄµµ¿Í ÇØº¯ ħ½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸È£µË´Ï´Ù. Japan has a densely populated coastal zone . ÀϺ»Àº Àα¸ ¹Ðµµ°¡ ÇØ¾È Áö¿ªÀ» . The fisheries sector is an important industry for Japan. ¼ö»ê ºÎ¹®Àº ÀϺ»ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ »ê¾÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. It is very reliant on the sea for its supply of fish, seaweed and other marine resources. ±×°ÍÀº ¹°°í±â, ÇØÃÊ µî ÇØ¾ç ÀÚ¿øÀÇ °ø±ÞÀ»À§ÇÑ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÀÇÁ¸ÇϰíÀÖ´Ù. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. ÀϺ»Àº ¼¼°è ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ³¬½Ã ÇÔ´ë Áß Çϳª¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ±Û·Î¹ú ¾îȹ·®ÀÇ ¾à 15 %¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. The coastal zone is used to harvest marine resources, and for petroleum exploration, industrial development, waste dumps and recreation. ÇØ¾È Áö¿ªÀº ÇØ¾ç ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¼öÈ®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ë, ¼®À¯ Ž»ç, »ê¾÷ ¹ßÀü, Æó±â¹° ´ýÇÁ ¹× ·¹Å©¸®¿¡À̼ǵȴÙ. An efficient transport system links the islands. È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ±³Åë ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¼¶À» ¿¬°áÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The lack of natural resources means that fuel, raw materials and food have to be imported in large quantities. õ¿¬ ÀÚ¿øÀÇ ºÎÁ·Àº ¿¬·á, ¿ø·á ¹× ½ÄǰÀÌ ´ë·®À¸·Î ¼öÀÔÇØ¾ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. As a result, Japan is very reliant on trade and international shipping. ±× °á°ú, ÀϺ»¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÀÇÁ¸ ¹«¿ª ¹× ±¹Á¦ ¿î¼Û. Industry is heavily dependent on these imported raw materials and fuels. »ê¾÷ÀÌ ¼öÀÔ ¿ø·á ¹× ¿¬·á¿¡ Å©°Ô ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. The main ports in this LME are Otaru, Sakata, Fushiki, Tsuruga, and Maizuru. ÀÌ LMEÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Æ÷Æ®´Â ¿ÀŸ·ç, »çīŸ, ÈÄ ½ÃŰ, ¾²·ç°¡¿Í ¸¶ÀÌÁî ·çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Governance ÅëÄ¡ The five countries sharing the governance of this LME are Russia, China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan. ÀÌ LMEÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â 5 °³±¹Àº ·¯½Ã¾Æ, Áß±¹, ºÏÇÑ, Çѱ¹, ÀϺ»ÀÌ´Ù. There are conflicts arising from the very name of the Sea of Japan, called the East Sea by South Korea and East Sea of Korea by North Korea. ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¸Å¿ì À̸§¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Ãæµ¹ÀÌ, Çѱ¹°ú ºÏÇÑÀÌ Çѱ¹ÀÇ µ¿ÇØ·Î µ¿Çضó´Â. North Korea has a 50 nautical mile military boundary line in the Sea of Japan. ºÏÇÑÀº ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ 50 ¸¶ÀÏ ÇØ»ó ±º»ç °æ°è¼±À» º¸À¯Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. There is a demarcation line between North and South Korea, and a dispute over the Liancourt Rocks, claimed by Japan. ³²ÇѰú ºÏÇÑ, ÀϺ»¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖÀå µ¶µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀï »çÀÌÀÇ °æ°è¼±ÀÌÀÖ´Ù. While the fishing interests of each country are different, a coordination of fishing efforts needs to be achieved. °¢±¹ÀÇ ³¬½Ã ÀÌÀÍ ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, ³¬½Ã Ȱµ¿ÀÇ Á¶Á¤À» µµ¸ð ÇÒ Çʿ䰡ÀÖ´Ù. In terms of environmental protection, bilateral agreements have been concluded between China, South Korea, Japan and Russia. ȯ°æ º¸È£ÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡¼, ¾çÀÚ ÇùÁ¤Àº Áß±¹, Çѱ¹, ÀϺ», ·¯½Ã¾Æ°£¿¡ ü°áµÇ¾ú´Ù. There is a Japan-Russia joint study program on marine pollution in the Sea of Japan. ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ ÇØ¾ç ¿À¿°¿¡ ÀϺ» - ·¯½Ã¾Æ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌÀÖ´Ù. In 1994, an Action Plan for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northwest Pacific (NOWPAP) was adopted under the auspices of UNEP. 1994 ³â, º¸È£, °ü¸® ¹× ºÏ¼ ÅÂÆò¾ç Áö¿ªÀÇ ÇØ¾ç ¹× ÇØ¾È ȯ°æ (NOWPAP)ÀÇ °³¹ßÀ»À§ÇÑ Çൿ °èȹÀÌ À¯¿£ ȯ°æ °èȹ (UNEP)ÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÇÏ¿¡ äÅõǾú´Ù. It aims to protect the environment of the Sea of Japan by enlisting the cooperation of the countries sharing those seas. ±×°ÍÀº ±× ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ Çù·ÂÀ» ÀÔ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ È¯°æÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·ÎÇϰíÀÖ´Ù. References ÂüÁ¶ Articles and LME volumes ±â»ç ¹× LME º¼·ý Morgan, J., 1989. Large Marine Ecosystems in the Pacific Ocean. ¸ð°Ç, J., ÅÂÆò¾ç¿¡¼ 1989 ³â ´ëÇü ÇØ¾ç »ýŰè. In K. Sherman, LM Alexander, and BD Gold, eds. K. ¼Å¸Õ, LM ¾Ë·º»ê´õ, ±×¸®°í BD °ñµå, EDSÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Biomass Yields and Geography of Large Marine Ecosystems. ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¸Å½º ¼öÀ² ¹× ´ëÇü ÇØ¾ç »ýŰèÀÇ Áö¸®. AAAS Selected Symposium 111. Westview Press. AAAS´Â ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö (111) ¿þ½ºÆ® ºä¸¦ ´·¯ ¼±ÅÃ. Boulder CO. 377-394. ISBN: 0813378443 º¼´õ CO 377-394.. ISBN : 0813378443 Terazaki, Makoto, 1989. "Recent Large-Scale Changes in the Biomass of the Kuroshio Current Ecosystem" in Kenneth Sherman and Lewis M. Alexander (eds.), Biomass Yields and Geography of Large Marine Ecosystems (Boulder: Westview) AAAS Selected Symposium 111, pp.37-65. ISBN: 0813378443 Terazaki, ¸¶ÄÚÅä, 1989 ³â "Äí·Î½Ã¿À »ýŰèÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¸Å½º ÃÖ±Ù ´ë±Ô¸ð º¯°æ »çÇ×"Äɳ׽º ¼Å¸Õ°ú ·çÀ̽º M. ¾Ë·º»ê´õ (¿¡µð¼Ç.), ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¸Å½º ¼öÀ² ¹× ´ëÇü ÇØ¾ç »ýŰè (º¼´õ : ¿þ½ºÆ® ºä)ÀÇ Áö¸® AAAS ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö ¼±Á¤ (111), pp.37-65. ISBN : 0813378443 Terazaki, Makoto, 1999. 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Ä«³ë, Y. ¹Ù¹Ù, N., ±×¸®°í ¿¡¹Ù, S., ÀϺ» ÇØ 1984 ³â ¿±·Ï¼Ò a¿Í Â÷ »ý»ê. Oceanogr. Oceanogr. Mag. ÀâÁö. 34:31-39. 34 : 31-39. Kato, M., 1979. Age assigned to dredged siltstone samples and piston core samples . Ä«Åä, M., 1979 ³â ³ªÀÌ Áؼ³ ½ÇÆ® ¾Ï »ùÇà ¹× ÇǽºÅæ ÄÚ¾î »ùÇÿ¡ ÇÒ´ç . Cruise Rep. Geol. Å©·çÁî ÀÇ¿ø. Geol. Surv. SURV. Japan 13:70-72. ÀϺ» 13 : 70-72. Marumo, R., Nemoto, T., Omori, M., Aizawa, Y., Terazaki, M., Araki, M., Kawaguchi, K., Komaki, Y, and Honda, T., 1972. Distribution Collected with Norpac Net, ORI Net and IKMT. ¸¶·ç ¸ð, R.´Â ³×¸ð Åä´Â, T.´Â, ¿À¸ð¸®´Â, M.´Â, ¾ÆÀÌÀÚ¿Í´Â, Y.´Â, Terazaki´Â, M.´Â, ¾Æ¶óŰ´Â, M.´Â, Ä«¿Í ±¸Ä¡´Â, K.´Â, ¸¶Å°´Â, Y´Â, È¥´Ù, T.´Â 1972 ¹èÆ÷¿Í ¼öÁý Norpac ÀÎÅͳÝ, ORI ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¹× IKMT. in R. Marumo (ed.), Preliminary Report of the Hakuho Maru Cruise Kh-70-4 (IBP Cruise). R. ¸¶·ç ¸ð (¿¡µð¼Ç.)¿¡¼, ÇÏÄí È£¿ì ¸¶·ç Å©·çÁî KH-70-4ÀÇ ¿¹ºñ º¸°í¼ (IBP Å©·çÁî). Tokyo: Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, pp. 16-22. µµÄì : ÇØ¾ç ¿¬±¸¼Ò, µµÄì ´ëÇÐ, PP 16-22.. Masuzawa, T. and Kitano, Y., 1983. Sulfate reduction and sulfide deposition in deep-sea sediments from the southwestern Japan Sea. Masuzawa, T. ¹× ±âŸ³ë, Y., ³²¼ºÎ ÀϺ» ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ ±íÀº ¹Ù´Ù ÅðÀû¹°¿¡¼ 1983 Ȳ»ê¿° °¨¼Ò¿Í Ȳȹ° ÁõÂø. J. Oceanogr. J. Oceanogr. Soc. SOC. Japan 39:251-258. ÀϺ» 39 : 251-258. Morioka, Y., 1981. Zooplankton production in the Toyama Bay in March-May, 1978. Bull. ¸ð¸®¿ÀÄ«, Y., 3 ¿ù ¿ù¿¡ µµ¾ß¸¶ ¸¸¿¡¼ 1981 µ¿¹° Çöûũſ »ý»ê, 1978 ºÒ. Jap. ÀϺ»ÀÎ. Sea Reg. ¹Ù´Ù µî·Ï. Fish. ¹°°í±â. Res. ÇØ»óµµ. Lab. ½ÇÇè½Ç. 32:57-64. 32 : 57-64. Morioka, Y., 1985. Distribution of zooplankton in the Japan Sea. ¸ð¸®¿ÀÄ«, Y., ÀϺ» ÇØ µ¿¹°¼º ÇöûũſÀÇ 1985 À¯Åë. Bull. Ȳ¼Ò. Jap. ÀϺ»ÀÎ. Soc. SOC. Fish. ¹°°í±â. Oceanogr. Oceanogr. 47/48:63-66. 48ºÐÀÇ 47 : 63-66. Nagata, H. and Kitani, K., 1987. Vertical distribution of chlorophyll-a along the PM line in the Japan Sea. ³ª°¡ Ÿ, H.¿Í Ÿ´Ï, K., µ¿ÇØ¿¡¼ PM ¶óÀÎÀ» µû¶ó Ŭ·Î·ÎÇÊ aÀÇ 1987 ³â ¼öÁ÷ ºÐÆ÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Bull. Ȳ¼Ò. Jap. ÀϺ»ÀÎ. Sea Reg. ¹Ù´Ù µî·Ï. Fish. ¹°°í±â. Res. ÇØ»óµµ. Lab. ½ÇÇè½Ç. 37:13-19. 37 : 13-19. Nishimura, S., 1965. The zoogeographical aspect of the Japan Sea, Part II. ´Ï½Ã¹«¶ó, S., 1965 ³â ÀϺ» ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ µ¿¹° Áö¸®ÇÐ Ãø¸é, ÆÄÆ® II. Publs. Publs. Seto Mar. Biol. ¼¼Åä 3¿ù BIOL. Lab. ½ÇÇè½Ç. 13:81-101. 13 : 81-101. Nishimura, S., 1968. The zoogeographical aspect of the Japan Sea, Part IV. ´Ï½Ã¹«¶ó, S., 1968 ³â ÀϺ» ¹Ù´Ù, ÆÄÆ® IVÀÇ µ¿¹° Áö¸®ÇÐ Ãø¸é. Publs, Seto Mar. Biol. Publs, ¼¼Åä 3¿ù BIOL. Lab. ½ÇÇè½Ç. 15:329-352. 15 : 329-352. Nishimura, S., 1969. The zoogeographical aspect of the Japan Sea, Part V. Publs. ´Ï½Ã¹«¶ó, S., 1969 ³â ÀϺ» ¹Ù´Ù, ºÎ V. PublsÀÇ µ¿¹° Áö¸®ÇÐ Ãø¸é. Seto Mar. Biol. ¼¼Åä 3¿ù BIOL. Lab. ½ÇÇè½Ç. 17:67-142. 17 : 67-142. Nishimura, S., 1983. Okhotsk Sea, Japan Sea, East China Sea. ´Ï½Ã¹«¶ó, S., 1983 ¿ÀÈ£Ã÷Å© ÇØ, ÀϺ» ÇØ, µ¿Áß±¹ ÇØ. In: Ecosystems of the World, Estuaries and closed seas, BH Ketchum, ed. ¿¡¼ : ¼¼°èÀÇ »ýŰè, Çϱ¸ ¹× Æó¼â ¹Ù´Ù, BH ÄÉ÷, ¿¡µð¼Ç. 375-402. 375-402. Oba, T. Kato, M., Kitazato, H., Koizumi, I., Omura, A., Sakai, T., and Takayama, T., 1991. Paleoenvironmental changes in the Japan Sea during the last 85,000 years . ¿À¹Ù, T. Ä«Åä, M., Kitazato, H., °íÀÌÁî¹Ì, I., ¿À ¹«¶ó, A., »çÄ«ÀÌ, T., ´ÙÄ«¾ß¸¶, T., 1991 ³â ¸¶Áö¸· 85,000³â µ¿¾È ÀϺ» ÇØ °íȯ °æÀû º¯°æ . Paleoceanography 6:499-518. Paleoceanography¿¡ 6 : 499-518. Terazaki, M., 1993. Deep sea adaptation of epipelagic chaetognatha Sagitta elegans in the Japan Sea . Terazaki, M., 1993 ³â ÀϺ» ÇØ epipelagic ¸ð¾Ç µ¿¹° È»ì °£½ºÀÇ ±íÀº ¹Ù´Ù ÀûÀÀ . Mar. Ecol. 3 ¿ù ECOL. Progr. Progr. Ser. SER. 98:79-88. 98 : 79-88. Tkalin AV, 1995. Investigations of marine environment radioactivity in the dumping areas and coastal zone of the Sea of Japan. Tkalin AV, Åõ±â Áö¿ªÀÇ ÇØ¾ç ȯ°æ ¹æ»ç´É°ú ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ÇØ¾È Áö¿ªÀÇ 1995 ³â Á¶»ç. Arctic Research of the United States, 9, 88-89. ¹Ì±¹, 9, 88-89ÀÇ ºÏ±Ø ¿¬±¸. Disclaimer: This article is taken wholly from, or contains information that was originally published by, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). ¸éÃ¥ Á¶Ç× :ÀÌ ¹®¼¿¡¼ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÔ¿µ, ¶Ç´Â ¿ø·¡ ±¹¸³ ÇØ¾ç ´ë±â û (NOAA)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °Ô½Ã µÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth may have edited its content or added new information. Áö±¸ ¹é°ú »çÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦ ÆíÁýÀÚ¿Í ÀúÀÚ´Â ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ÆíÁýÇϰųª »õ·Î¿î Á¤º¸¸¦ Ãß°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. The use of information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content. ±¹¸³ ÇØ¾ç ´ë±â û (NOAA)ÀÇ Á¤º¸ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº »ïÅ´ ´ã´çÀÚ°¡ Ãß°¡ µÈ »õ·Î¿î Á¤º¸¸¦ ±× Á¶Á÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿ø ¶Ç´Â º¸ÁõÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼®, ¶Ç´Â ¿øº» ÄÜÅÙÃ÷ÀÇ ÆíÁý ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. var $j = jQuery.noConflict(); (function($j) { $j.fn.openAnnotationWindow = function() {} })(jQuery); Citation ¼Òȯ Administration, N. (2013). °ü¸®, N. (2013). Sea of Japan large marine ecosystem. ÀϺ» ´ëÇü ÇØ¾ç »ýŰèÀÇ ¹Ù´ÙÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Retrieved from http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/155943 http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/155943¿¡¼ °Ë»ö - See more at: https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=ko&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.kr&sl=en&u=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/155943/&usg=ALkJrhhy07DAJDYQX9xhtr5gudoHIqAXfg#sthash.6hkbbmUq.dpuf
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